基于前期观测降水和500 hPa高度场的西北太平洋热带风暴生成频数的新预测方案     

王会军 《气象学报》2012,70(2):165-173

利用前期1—2月和4—5月平均的东半球格点降水与500hPa高度场资料,通过多元线性逐步回归,建立了预测西北太平洋年热带风暴生成频数的预测方案。由于分别使用了欧洲中期数值预报中心和美国国家环境预测中心的大气再分析资料,建立了两个预测模型,对1979—2002年的预测交叉检验的距平相关系数分别为0.78和0.74。预测的多年平均绝对误差是3.0和3.2,即多年平均西北太平洋年热带风暴生成频数的10%左右。进一步指出:实际预测中可以把两个模型的预测结果平均作为最后预测结果,这样的话,多年交叉检验的距平相关系数是0.88,多年平均的预测绝对误差是1.92个。这样就可能得到更加准确的预测。本文结果还只是该方案的交叉检验结果,尚需在实际预测中进一步检验其能力。  相似文献   

基于季节内振荡的延伸预报试验   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

粱萍  丁一汇 《大气科学》2012,36(1):102-116

2～4周的延伸预报是近年来国际上天气和气候业务预报发展的一个重要方向。本文以江淮梅雨区降水为例, 在利用集合经验模态分解 (EEMD) 及多变量EOF方法获取梅雨区降水及其影响系统低频信号的基础上, 采用最优子集回归方法、 经验波传播 (EWP) 方法及全球海气耦合模式产品, 对梅雨季节内演变的延伸期预报方法进行了预报和试验, 以期为建立延伸期预报业务提供科学依据。试验结果表明: (1) 大气季节内振荡对梅雨区降水的延伸预报具有重要的应用价值, 可能是联系天气过程和异常的重要系统。(2) 通过EEMD方法提取前期降水演变及影响因子的季节内振荡信号, 采用最优子集回归统计学方法对梅雨区逐候降水量演变进行超前30天预报是有可能的。(3) EWP经验动力方法对热带ITCZ活跃异常的未来40天东传可能具有较好的预报效果, 还可能较好地预报出延伸期的梅雨区风场距平演变, 具有一定应用价值。(4) 全球海气耦合动力模式输出产品在延伸期环流形势趋势预报及20天左右的MJO指数预报方面有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

2008与1969年冬季持续性雨雪过程对比分析     

张娇  朱佳宁  王东勇  陈晓红  谢亦峰  郭品文 《气象科技》2012,40(4):613-619

利用安徽省降水量资料和NCEP资料对1969年与2008年冬季两次超过半月的持续性雨雪过程进行分析。结果发现:强降水过程之前都有一次阻塞高压较明显增强过程,而强雨雪过程则始于阻塞形势减弱期,当乌拉尔山阻高指数锐减到谷值前后的1～2天,同时伴有偏强的西南气流,会有一次较为明显的降水增强的过程。500hPa环流形势2008年为经向型,冷暖空气均较强,持续性雨雪期间有4次强雨雪天气过程;而1969年环流较为平直,雨雪天气持续较长,但基本无强雨雪过程。通过准双周振荡分析发现1969年持续性雨雪期间的水汽源地主要为南海,2008年水汽则同时来源于南海和孟加拉湾。  相似文献   

2004/2005年冬季强寒潮事件与大气低频波动关系的研究   总被引：22，自引：4，他引：18  

马晓青  丁一汇  徐海明 《大气科学》2008,32(2):380-394

2004/2005年冬季中国出现了两次大范围寒潮过程,造成长时期的降温和严寒天气,从而改变了从1986年以来中国大部分地区连续出现18个暖冬的局面。利用2004年10月1日～2005年3月31日中国740站逐日平均温度和NCEP/NCAR的逐日高度场和风场资料,分析了2004/2005冬季的强寒潮事件,并对寒潮爆发的周期、低频波动特征及其影响寒潮爆发的可能原因进行研究。结果表明:2004/2005年冬季两次主要强寒潮事件（12月22日～1月1日和2月14～21日）是在强10～20天低频振荡背景下发生的。在一次季节内低频振荡过程中,寒潮经历了高空形势相似的3个阶段,它们分别是乌拉尔东侧阻塞脊建立、阻塞脊下游横槽发展、横槽转竖与南支槽耦合重建东亚大槽最后导致寒潮爆发。进一步分析表明,乌拉尔东侧阻塞脊和里海高度脊是导致这两次寒潮的主要系统。研究还表明在寒潮爆发过程中,10～20天低频波动在40°N南北独立传播,南北波列耦合寒潮全面爆发;寒潮爆发后期低频波动引起我国东南部低空辐散异常、高空辐合异常,从而导致我国南部地区偏北风增强,使寒潮向南爆发程度和高空东亚急流明显加强。  相似文献   

ITCZ rather than ENSO signature for abrupt climate changes across the tropical Pacific?     

Guillaume Leduc  Laurence Vidal  Kazuyo Tachikawa  Edouard Bard 《Quaternary Research》2009,72(1):123-126

Latitudinal movements of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), analogous to its present-day seasonal shifts, and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-type variability both potentially impacted rainfall changes at the millennial timescale during the last glacial period. In this study we compare tropical Pacific sedimentary records of paleoprecipitation to decipher which climate mechanism was responsible for the past rainfall changes. We find that latitudinal movements of the ITCZ are consistent with the observed rainfall patterns, challenging the ENSO hypothesis for explaining the rapid rainfall changes at low latitudes. The ITCZ-related mechanism appears to reflect large-scale atmospheric rearrangements over the tropical belt, with a pronounced Heinrich-Dansgaard/Oeschger signature. This observation is coherent with the simulated tropical rainfall anomalies induced by a weakening of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation in modeling experiments.  相似文献   

Tropical cyclone hazard assessment using model-based track simulation   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

Jonas Rumpf  Helga Weindl  Peter Höppe  Ernst Rauch  Volker Schmidt 《Natural Hazards》2009,48(3):383-398

A method is introduced for assessing the probabilities and intensities of tropical cyclones at landfall and applied to data from the North Atlantic. First, a recently developed model for the basin-wide Monte-Carlo simulation of tropical cyclone tracks is enhanced and transferred to the North Atlantic basin. Subsequently, a large number of synthetic tracks is generated by means of an implementation of this model. This synthetic data is far more comprehensive than the available historical data, while exhibiting the same basic characteristics. It, thus, creates a more sound basis for assessing landfall probabilities than previously available, especially in areas with a low historical landfall frequency.  相似文献   

Process Analysis of In-situ Strain during the Ms8.0 Wenchuan Earthquake-Data from the Stress Monitoring Station at Shandan     

PENG Hua MA Xiumin JIANG Jingjie 《《地质学报》英文版》2009,83(4)

There were huge life and property losses during the Ms8.0 Wenchuan earthquake on May 12, 2008. Strain fluctuation curves were completely recorded at stress observatory stations in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and its surroundings in the process of the earthquake. This paper introduces the geological background of the Wenchuan earthquake and the profile of in-situ stress monitoring stations. In particular, data of 174 earthquakes (Ms4.0-Ms8.5) were processed and analyzed with various methods, which were recorded at the Shandan station from August 2007 to December 2008. The results were compared with other seismic data, and further analyses were done for the recoded strain seismic waves, co-seismic strain stepovers, pre-earthquake strain valleys, Earth's free oscillations before and after the earthquake and their physical implications. During the Wenchuan earthquake, the strainmeter recorded a huge extensional strain of 70 seconds, which shows that the Wenchuan earthquake is a rupture process predominated by thrusting. Significant precursory strain anomalies were detected 48 hours, 30 hours, 8 hours and 37 minutes before the earthquake. The anomalies are very high and their forms are very similar to that of the main shock. Similar anomalies can also be found in strain curves of other shocks greater than Ms7.0, indicating that such anomalies are prevalent before a great earthquake. In this paper, it is shown that medium aftershocks (Ms5.5-6.0) can also cause Earth's free oscillations. Study of free oscillations is of great significance to understand the internal structure of the Earth and focal mechanisms of earthquakes and to recognize slow shocks, thus providing a scientific basis for the prevention and treatment of geological disasters and the prediction of future earthquakes.  相似文献   

A Hybrid Neural Network Model for ENSO Prediction in Combination with Principal Oscillation Pattern Analyses     

Lu ZHOU  Rong-Hua ZHANG 《大气科学进展》2022,39(6):889-902

El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)can be currently predicted reasonably well six months and longer,but large biases and uncertainties remain in its real-time prediction.Various approaches have been taken to improve understanding of ENSO processes,and different models for ENSO predictions have been developed,including linear statistical models based on principal oscillation pattern(POP)analyses,convolutional neural networks(CNNs),and so on.Here,we develop a novel hybrid model,named as POP-Net,by combining the POP analysis procedure with CNN-long short-term memory(LSTM)algorithm to predict the Ni?o-3.4 sea surface temperature(SST)index.ENSO predictions are compared with each other from the corresponding three models:POP model,CNN-LSTM model,and POP-Net,respectively.The POP-based pre-processing acts to enhance ENSO-related signals of interest while filtering unrelated noise.Consequently,an improved prediction is achieved in the POP-Net relative to others.The POP-Net shows a high-correlation skill for 17-month lead time prediction(correlation coefficients exceeding 0.5)during the 1994-2020 validation period.The POP-Net also alleviates the spring predictability barrier(SPB).It is concluded that value-added artificial neural networks for improved ENSO predictions are possible by including the process-oriented analyses to enhance signal representations.  相似文献   

夏季青藏高原O3低值与南亚高压东西振荡的关系     

舒斯  何金海  刘毅  王永  蔡兆男  LIU Xiong 《气候与环境研究》2011,16(1):39-46

利用O3监测仪(Ozone Monitoring Instrument,OMI)卫星O3廓线资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了2006年夏季南亚高压偏西型和偏东型条件下青藏高原地区O3垂直结构和变化特征差异.结果表明,夏季南亚高压东西振荡与青藏高原O3分布存在密切的关系,在西(东)部型南亚高压条件下,夏季青藏高...  相似文献   

两个造成大风影响的热带气旋特征分析   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

何洁琳 《广西气象》2006,27(1):10-13,16

应用NCEP／NCAR再分析资料，对造成玉林市持续长时间大风的0307号和8517号热带气旋（TC）的特点和大尺度环境特征进行对比分析，结果表明：0307号TC自身强度强，移速快；而8517号TC则移速缓慢，登陆后转向，TC中心在玉林市逗留时间长。两个TC登陆前后的大尺度环境特征不同造成其强度和运动特点的不同。  相似文献